Employee rewards and management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Employee rewards and management - Essay Example Having a well-motivated workforce may be equivalent to better work productivity and success in product salability in the market. Additional advantages are lower level of absenteeism and staff turnovers because the employees are satisfied with their work. This also means that training and recruitment costs are lowered because work positions are always reliably staffed (Dawson, 2009). In motivating and retaining good employees, it is important for management to establish a reward system to ensure that good performance is sustained. The Total Reward system is â€Å"the monetary and nonmonetary return provided to employees in exchange for their time, talents, efforts and results† (Christofferson and King, 2006). Total rewards involves the deliberate integration of key elements such as pay, benefits, learning and development and work environment (Brown, 2001) which all effectively attract, retain and motivate the talent required to achieve desired business results. In addition to t hese elements, Christofferson & King (2006) have added the elements of development and career opportunities which may be equivalent to Brown’s (2001) learning and development; performance and recognition and work-life balance which both belong under the work environment key of Brown’s (2001) framework. Figure 1. Christofferson & King’s Total Rewards Framework Key Elements: Pay The monetary component of the Total Rewards System which includes Base Pay, Annual Bonuses, Long term incentives, Shares and Profit sharing may serve as the most concrete reward an employee can hold, and is the most practical to use to meet his daily needs over time. Research has shown that pay satisfaction and the need for career growth are two of the most important predictors of job satisfaction (Gyanmudra and Vijaykumar, 2007). Individuals who are satisfied with the pay they get and the opportunities for professional advancement find that the costs of leaving their jobs would be greater so they develop positive attitudes towards their jobs and appreciate it for what it gives them. Benefits Receiving benefits such as pension, holidays, perks & flexibility of time may make an employee feel more accepted as part of the organization. Usually, it takes time before one can enjoy such benefits, and having proved oneself worth of such is adequately rewarded. Learning and Development Learning and development opportunities such as training, on the job learning, performance management, career development and succession planning may yield more long-term outcomes for both the employee and the organization. It increases the market value of the employee as he gets regularly updated about current trends in the business and be actively involved in contributing to its growth. Brown & Hunning (2010) claim if an employee adopts a learning goal orientation, he focuses on improving his abilities; a he is likely to have job satisfaction even if he is not intrinsically motivated. This is because of his intrinsic desire for the job due to the learning it brings him. Work Environment The work environment should also bring about rewards for the employee. This includes the organisation culture leadership, communications, involvement, worklife balance and non financial recognition. Maintaining positive work environments means having positive working

Role of Religion in the American Civil War Essay

Role of Religion in the American Civil War - Essay Example As theis discussion stresses  there were theological differences between the industrial north and the rural south. The north, which was industrialized, embraced progressivism and more liberal enlightenment-inspiring ideas. The souths who were largely rural maintained the traditional orthodox doctrines that were aligned with the teachings of John Calvin. All the above were important aspects of the civil war. As stated by Abraham Lincoln in his second inaugural address they both read the same Bible and prayed to the same God. But the north embraced industrial growth very fast and they were very open to the ideas of scientific revolution and the European enlightenment creating a very different society and the belief system.  This paper discusses that  most of the religious leaders of the North received ministerial training in the Europe and Germany where they were deeply immersed in the new radical theology. While these leaders maintained the terminology from the Bible; they tried to redefine it by replacing the spiritual import of the words with a secular meaning. The Calvinists doctrines of human depravity and the sovereignty of God were viewed as the enemy of progress. Modernization ideas and advancement were usually pushed forward with the ideas of human perfectibility and self-sufficiency.it made many people start rejecting their old theological beliefs that were viewed as old fashioned, very irrelevant and enemies of progress.

Explore how perceptions of belonging and not belonging can be influenced by connections to people. Essay Example for Free

Explore how perceptions of belonging and not belonging can be influenced by connections to people. Essay Belonging is the complex process whereby perceptions of self and social allegiances are formed. As You Like it by William Shakespeare and Chocolat directed by Lasse Hallstrom are two texts that explore how perception of belonging and not belonging can be influenced by connections to people. William Shakespeare’s As You Like It is a play that follows exiled characters into the forest, where relationships are mended and formed under the healing role of nature. Dramatic irony is used to convey belonging when Ganymede tells Orlando in Act 3 Scene 1: â€Å"I would cure you if you would but call me Rosalind and come everyday to my cot to woo me. † The dramatic irony creates humour as everybody but Orlando knows that Ganymede is, in fact, Rosalind. In Rosalind’s lines, she tries to outline how Orlando mistakes his love for her with true belonging. Although Orlando does not know he is in contact with her, the audience is able to view how Orlando, in actuality, does find a true sense of belonging in her through his adamance in wooing Rosalind, despite Ganymede’s discouraging attempts. The dramatic irony allows the characters to establish a sense of belonging, as Rosalind is able to comprehend Orlando’s genuine feelings for her and grow an attachment toward him. A soliloquy is used to reveal the unspoken reflections of Oliver as he refers to his brother, â€Å"I hope I shall see an end to him. For my soul – yet I know not why – hates nothing more than he†¦ that I am altogether misprized.† It is clear in his words that Oliver is jealous of Orlando. Through his unjust actions and unnatural feelings, a wedge is forced between the two brothers, ceasing their feelings of filial connection. The soliloquy is able to prove how despite being a member of a group, it does not mean true belonging is achieved. The notion that perceptions of belonging and not belonging can be influenced  by connections to place is further justified through the use of simile between court and country life. Their opposing qualities are contrasted by Duke Senior in Act 2 Scene 1, â€Å"Are not these woods more free from peril than the envious court?† The simile immediate displays Duke Senior’s attachment to the Forest of Arden. By comparing the safe haven of Arden with the evil nature of the ‘envious court’, a feeling of belonging is not only established, but also, Duke Senior’s estrangement from the court and its citizens are highlighted. The technique portrays how belonging cannot only be found in relationships and people, but also within places. Through Duke Senior’s pejorative feelings of the court, it is apparent that although he once was a member of the group, he did not feel as though he truly belonged. Chocolat is a film that explores the idea of ‘never confuse membership of a group with true belonging’. The town is set in a small provincial town of Casquenet, France. The story follows Vianne, a chocolatier as she faces the obstacles to overcome the struggle of finding a sense of connection with the townspeople. The community is portrayed as a conservative group of people who follow a set of rigid rules that shape what is acceptable of not. Immediately, the idea that belonging can not be found in connections to groups and communities as the townspeople conform to one another and find a sense of unity in doing so. This is indicated in the voice over, â€Å"If you lived in this village, you understood what was expected of you. You knew your place in the scheme of things. And if you happened to forget, someone would help remind you†¦ Villagers held fast to their traditions.† Although a sense of belonging within the community is established, the voiceover also highlights the absence of individuality in the town. Through the oppressive guidelines the townspeople must follow, there is a disconnection between an individual and their sense of self-identity – a significant platform needed to belong. Josephine is disconnected to those around her as she fails to conform to her fellow tonspeople. : â€Å" Josephine Muscat, she waltzes to her own tune.† Through Josephine’s dialogue, â€Å"You just don’t misbehave around here. Did you know that? If you don’t go to confession, if you don’t†¦ then you’re crazy!†Ã‚  it is revealed how the pressure to conform has caused Josephine’s anxiety and her feeling of alienation. Although Vianna becomes a member of the town, her true sense of belonging is not present. With her arrival, she is the subject of great curiosity and judgement. Though costuming, characterization and facial expression, Vianne’s character is juxtaposed against the dull villagers. Viannce, always with a friendly, smiling countenance and dressed in bright, colourful clothing, is portrayed as a lively character who shakes up the mundance patterns of the townspeople’s everyday lives. With the opening of her chocolaterie, people’s lives are enriched. They are happier as their inner desires are awoken and they are encourage to embrace their individuality. The techniques of costuming, characterization and facial expression demonstrate not only how mere membership can be confused with belonging but also how individuals can challenge or enrich a group or community. Through the various literary and filmic techniques discussed above, the two texts, As You Like It and Chocolat are able to explore†¦

Description of Making a Pizza Essay Example for Free

Description of Making a Pizza Essay There’s nothing like a good pizza. The combination of melted cheese and tomato sauce with my favorite toppings all on a tasty golden brown crust is amazing and mouthwatering. The only thing that tops a great pizza is the feeling you get when the great pizza is a creation of your own. Every kind of pizza begins with the crust, but before you have crust you have pizza dough. The soft off-white pizza dough is very malleable. The dough feels cool in your hands as you shape it into a circle adding flour as you knead the dough, and of course there’s the tossing of the dough in the air and catching it which in my opinion is the fun part. After you have your pizza dough shaped and ready, you spread the ingredient that really sets off the pizza, tomato sauce. The aroma of tomatoes and spices blended together perfectly smell wonderfully, and the zesty and robust taste is even better when you have the perfect sauce. After you apply the sauce, you add a layer of cheese. Mozzarella is the usual choice for cheese as it complements the pizza rather well. Especially when my favorite pizza toppings are added which are pepperoni, sausage, and Canadian bacon. Together, the ingredients create an amazing pizza. The last step in creating a pizza is baking the pizza. Hearing the tempting sound of the cheese sizzling as it melts atop the sauce covered golden brown crust in the oven almost makes you want to take the pizza out early and devour it. Finally, when the pizza is baked, it’s time to enjoy the pizza and all its greatness. After taking a bite of a slice of the pizza you created you realize that it brings a sense of satisfaction knowing you created something so good. The smell of the fresh baked pizza, the taste of the toppings, cheese, and sauce after you create it creates a phenomenal pizza eating experience. Which is why I love pizza as much as I love making one.

Feminism is for Everybody :: Free Essays Online

Feminism is for Everybody The following paragraphs are an excerpt from a paper written about the political and social theories of bell hooks. These sections focus specifically on her newest book, Feminism is for Everybody. Throughout her works, hooks maintains a firm belief in the accessibility of the theory she seeks to situate within society. To that end, hooks’ latest work, Feminism is for Everybody, is an accessible book that outlines the basic tenants of a radical feminist theory. More inclusive than many of her other works, this book attempts to address an audience that is completely unfamiliar with feminist thought. In the introduction, hooks discusses the rampant misconceptions surrounding the movement. In her encounters with people on a daily basis, she finds that: â€Å"When I ask these same folks about the feminist books or magazines they read, when I ask them about the feminist talks they have heard, about the feminist activists they know, they respond by letting me know that everything they know about feminism has come into their lives thirdhand [sic], that they really have not come close enough to the feminist movement to know what really happens, what it’s really about. Mostly they think feminism is a bunch of angry women who want to be like men. (vii). It is these misconceptions that hooks feels must be corrected. Only in this way will the everyday relevance of feminism become clear. Hooks goes on to explain that this book is an effort to answer the question â€Å"what is feminism† in a clear, concise way that is not reductive to her readers (viii). She stressed the failure of the feminist movement to produce a multitude of works that are accessible and useful in many arenas. Many of the chapters in Feminism is for Everybody recapitulate and simplify the arguments put forth in Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center. Hooks attempts to diffuse common myths surrounding the feminist movement, and to that end, she suggests ways the movement may become all-inclusive. In the section entitled â€Å"Feminist Masculinity† hooks discusses the dichotomy perpetuated by Second Wave feminists who sought to classify the male as the â€Å"enemy†. The polarization of men as the â€Å"oppressor† and woman as the â€Å"oppressed† propelled the women’s movement initially, but it was not long before women were able to step back and realize that the system itself was flawed (68).

Reality and Fiction Essay -- Tabloids Truth Writing Essays

Reality and Fiction The front page of a supermarket tabloid is usually splashed with such ridiculous headlines as â€Å"Human Baby Born with Dog’s Head!†; or â€Å"Olsen Twin Beats Anorexia and Gains 200 lbs!† These titles suggest the type of information that the magazine contains—sensational, outrageous and often untrue stories. Despite these titles, their sensational nature can sometimes spark the curiosity of the reader, prompting them to read further. Although the tabloid is not a particularly well-respected genre of literature, Gloria Sawai adapts it for her own purposes in her writing. In a short story titled â€Å"The Day I Sat With Jesus on the Sun Deck and a Wind Came Up and Blew My Kimono Open and He Saw my Breasts†, Sawai draws upon this typically disprespected tabloid-type of narrative, prompting the reader to question their sense of reality. The author adapts several conventions which would typically be found in a tabloid to achieve this. She places ordi nary characters in extraordinary situations; she trivializes momentous events by presenting them in very simple terms; she removes all suspense by giving away the plot in the title; she challengers her reader to call her bluff as to whether or not her story actually occurred. Through the adaptation of conventions characteristic of tabloid literature, Sawai successfully challenges her reader to question their perception of what is â€Å"real†, prompting them to the ponder whether or not this extraordinary story might have actually taken place. Perhaps one of the most recognizable characteristics of tabloid-type narrative is the description sensational, and often unbelievable events occurring to everyday people living in ordinary milieus. In the third paragraph of â€Å"The Day I Sat W... ...narrative conventions in this short story help to illustrate this situation, and in the process, give the reader cause to question whether or not this unbelievable event could actually occur. Sawai presents her readers with this challenge to their perception of reality through the story’s title, in the way that she trivializes a miracle by placing it in an ordinary setting, and also through the possibility that the story is semi-autobiographical, thus making it true. The author is playing a game with the reader, never revealing whether or not her story is based on reality or not. Of course, one would most likely assume that Jesus did not in fact appear in Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan on September 11th, 1972. Nevertheless, Sawai intices her audience to play with the idea for a moment, challenging the socially accepted standards of what is reality and what is not. Reality and Fiction Essay -- Tabloids Truth Writing Essays Reality and Fiction The front page of a supermarket tabloid is usually splashed with such ridiculous headlines as â€Å"Human Baby Born with Dog’s Head!†; or â€Å"Olsen Twin Beats Anorexia and Gains 200 lbs!† These titles suggest the type of information that the magazine contains—sensational, outrageous and often untrue stories. Despite these titles, their sensational nature can sometimes spark the curiosity of the reader, prompting them to read further. Although the tabloid is not a particularly well-respected genre of literature, Gloria Sawai adapts it for her own purposes in her writing. In a short story titled â€Å"The Day I Sat With Jesus on the Sun Deck and a Wind Came Up and Blew My Kimono Open and He Saw my Breasts†, Sawai draws upon this typically disprespected tabloid-type of narrative, prompting the reader to question their sense of reality. The author adapts several conventions which would typically be found in a tabloid to achieve this. She places ordi nary characters in extraordinary situations; she trivializes momentous events by presenting them in very simple terms; she removes all suspense by giving away the plot in the title; she challengers her reader to call her bluff as to whether or not her story actually occurred. Through the adaptation of conventions characteristic of tabloid literature, Sawai successfully challenges her reader to question their perception of what is â€Å"real†, prompting them to the ponder whether or not this extraordinary story might have actually taken place. Perhaps one of the most recognizable characteristics of tabloid-type narrative is the description sensational, and often unbelievable events occurring to everyday people living in ordinary milieus. In the third paragraph of â€Å"The Day I Sat W... ...narrative conventions in this short story help to illustrate this situation, and in the process, give the reader cause to question whether or not this unbelievable event could actually occur. Sawai presents her readers with this challenge to their perception of reality through the story’s title, in the way that she trivializes a miracle by placing it in an ordinary setting, and also through the possibility that the story is semi-autobiographical, thus making it true. The author is playing a game with the reader, never revealing whether or not her story is based on reality or not. Of course, one would most likely assume that Jesus did not in fact appear in Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan on September 11th, 1972. Nevertheless, Sawai intices her audience to play with the idea for a moment, challenging the socially accepted standards of what is reality and what is not.

Impact of looming oil crisis on global trade

Impact of looming oil crisis on global trade The availability of OLL Is taken for granted every day by businesses, governments and individuals alike. However, an oil crisis Is looming and could feasibly hit at any point. This brings back memories of the oil shortages during the asses, which had a major impact on the economic growth, particularly In major Industrial countries such as united States. During the 1973 oil crisis – an embargo initiated by the Organization of PetroleumExporting Countries (OPEC) to protest against some of the American trade practices. As a result of this embargo, the price of oil increased by 300%, causing widespread oil shortages and in some cases forcing petrol stations to close. Experts have warned that similar crisis may be Imminent, with Western countries' presence In the middle east causing friction with some of the countries who are members of OPEC. 011 prices have been Increased In many areas in an attempt to reduce consumption levels and prot ect our natural resources.However, research has indicated that despite these measures the consumption of 011 continues to Increase, with an estimated 89 million barrels of oil being used globally every day. Should a crisis like this hit, the effect on the global economy will be huge – importing materials and goods has become an essential practice for larger organizations, but any increase in oil price would dramatically increase the transportation costs of importing and exporting.As a result, companies would need to either seek cheaper alternatives, or more likely raise the cost of their end product, something which will slow the growth of the economy and prolong the recession. Travel has become a major source of expenditure for large firms, with employees often flying to business meetings Internationally as well as domestically. Budget airlines' turnover has grown throughout the recession as a result of the increase in business travel, however any increase in the cost of oil would force these airlines to pass the costs onto their customers in the form of increased air fares.In the event of another oil crisis, businesses which currently have large travel expenses would suddenly find themselves with vastly increased overheads, and have a sudden need to explore cheaper alternatives which may not suit their business plan. Transportation is by far the biggest cause of oil consumption, with this sector estimated to account for more than half of all consumption worldwide, and more than two thirds of consumption within the US.As well as Increased transportation costs, the costs of operating machinery would also Increase during an OLL crisis, leading to Increases In the cost of many essential items, including foodstuffs. As with the rising cost of transportation, any increase in Experts are unsure when another oil crisis might hit, but most experts agree that a crisis of some sort is likely to occur soon. While the exact effect it will have on the world economy can't be accurately predicted, there is no doubt that businesses of all sizes will need to adapt very quickly to continue trading.

Avoiding the Alignment Trap in Intormation Technology Essay

An alarming pattern has surfaced in that many companies are concentrating on alignment and are finding that their performance is either declining or moving sideways. Companies are focusing on the wrong solutions with respect to their Information Technology problems, resulting in severe bottlenecks to growth. Companies need to learn how to break out of the trap and build IT organizations that allow for growth rather than obstruct it. Companies will need to be committed as doing so will require a continuous effort. The essential goal for these companies in order to succeed is to move IT into the upper-right quadrant, where they will be highly effective and highly aligned, and where IT appears to be enabling growth rather than inhibiting it. In order to move in this direction, it is my recommendation that the companies begin by installing local area networks locally, as well as a central database stored on a server to connect to head office. This option is economically feasible, will improve local efficiencies and will allow the sharing of resources and records. I would also recommend that the companies begin feasibility testing to explore the implementation of an internal ERP system to support global operations in the near future. Doing this will help companies to keep up with the competition. Current Situation Companies are getting caught in an â€Å"alignment trap† whereas they are spending large amounts of resources towards being highly aligned and not realizing the importance of being highly effective as well. There are four quadrants within which companies are being categorized with respect to their ability to be effective. They are being measured based on the ineffectiveness as far as completing projects on time and on budget, and the ineffectiveness of alignment to an important business objective. The first of these quadrants is â€Å"alignment trap†. Despite being highly aligned, the companies within this group are less effective in completing budgets on time and within the budget. Charles Schwab & Co. is currently in this position and as a result, continues to spend money on projects and seeing no growth. The second quadrant is â€Å"maintenance zone†. Companies in this quadrant are less aligned to major business objectives but are maintaining below average levels of growth even though they are less effective and spending more in IT as a result. In this zone, IT is not performing well, is not valued and is segregated from the company’s main functions. Management is budgeting enough to keep the system running, but IT is not providing any added value to the business. Third is the â€Å"well-oiled IT† quadrant which can be categorized as second best. In this group, companies are highly effective at bringing projects in on time and on budget. They are more focused on execution. Still, companies are less aligned meaning that their IT group does not fully understand the priorities of the business and where to spend the resources. Lastly, the â€Å"IT-enabled growth† quadrant is where all companies would like to be. This quadrant encompasses those companies who are not only highly effective at making IT projects successful, but are also highly aligned in relation to their business objectives. Examples of companies who have succeeded in this respect are Nestle, Wal-Mart, FedEx and Dell. The following are IT-related issues that organizations are currently facing as they attempt to align their business goals with IT technology: – Believing that alignment is the solution to their IT problems, companies are spending enormous amounts of money without solving any problems. – Various divisions are driving independent initiatives, each one designed to address its own competitive needs, resulting in complexity of IT systems (no standardization). As a result, costs increase and the fragmented divisions make it harder for managers to coordinate across business units. – Complexity in systems is making enhancements to systems and improvements to infrastructures more and more difficult to implement and potential benefits are left unused. – Redundant applications that perform the same or similar functions. – Outsourcing the wrong activities. – Data in multiple information systems are viewed as â€Å"garbage† and producing inconsistencies (i.e. salespeople are promoting products that are discontinued) – In companies similar to Charles Schwab & Co. for example: IT staff response have become slow and expensive; IT engineers are spending more time fixing bugs in the systems than ever before; and several big and ambitious projects are overdue and preventing the company from being competitive. Criteria The following criteria will be used to evaluate each of the alternatives: – IT spending must be aligned with the company’s growth strategies (need to reduce IT costs i.e. savings on software licensing costs where bleeding money, and head count). – Must be shared ownership and shared governance of IT projects. – Need to reduce complexity (or emphasize simplicity). – Increase efficiency (doing things in a cost effective way with no duplication of time and effort). – Economically feasible. – IT infrastructure to support networked operations in multiple locations. – Need to centralize and simplify the IT functions. – Need high effectiveness to achieve an objective through the use of: 1. simplicity (or reducing complexity) – by implementing companywide standards, replacing legacy systems, building new solutions on simplified and standardized infrastructure; 2. right sourcing – choosing the right source for a capability and maximizing effectiveness while minimizing cost; and 3. accountability – executives should get the information they need to measure the progress of IT and IT people should be held accountable for outcomes. – IT needs to be reliable, without excess complexity, and needs to deliver projects consistently with desired functionality, timing and cost. – IT systems need to run smoothly and reliably. – IT functions such as architecture and infrastructure need to be balanced with respect to the needs of the entire organization and those of individual businesses. – Need a good governance structure so as to set parameters to keep an organization on track (i.e. no more than four new technology releases per year).

The Importance of Acquisition, Conversion, and Retention Tools in Digital Campaigns

To: Sales Director at Playrite From: Marketing Manager at Playrite Subject: Investigation into opportunities for using digital marketing campaign tools to help build new and existing business Date: 30th November 2012 Contents The importance of acquisition, conversion and retention tools in digital campaigns3 Different types of digital marketing campaign tools4 Acquiring new customers4 Converting Sales5 Retaining Customers6 Search Engine Marketing for Acquisition7 Website for Conversion7 Email for Retention8 Appendix9 1:1 Background to Nearlygrass9 :1 Evaluation and measurement of current Nearlygrass website11 3:1 Statistics12 Statement16 Bibliography14 The importance of acquisition, conversion and retention tools in digital campaigns Acquisition, conversion and retention tools are incredibly important in digital campaigns and enable businesses to acquire prospective customers, convert to sales and retain for future purchases. Digital marketing tools support marketing activities aimed at achieving profitable acquisition and retention of customers throughout their lifecycle (Dave Chaffey 2012 [Online]).When digital tools such as email marketing are integrated with more traditional media such as direct mail they form the basis of successful marketing campaigns. Although we are currently in a recession, the contribution of the internet to the economy is growing and will continue to grow at more than 10% annually for the next five years. By 2016 the reach is estimated to top $4. 2 trillion (Economist 2012 [Online]). 80% of households in the UK now have access to the internet with 83% of those adults aged 24-44 years old using the internet daily which is an increase of 21% since 2006 (Office for National Statistics 2012 [Online]) see fig 3. and 3. 3. If Nearlygrass wants to increase awareness of their product range then digital marketing is essential to develop a more interactive and engaging relationship with customers. The internet has made public relations public again, after years of almost exclusive focus on media. Blogs, online video, news releases, and other form of Web content let organisations communicate directly with buyers (Scott, pg 11, 2010). With a business-to-consumer website like www. nearlygrass. co. k it’s important to acquire individuals who are web savvy, convert them once they are on the website and retain or get a recommendation for the Nearlygrass range to friends and communicate about our products and services online. Different types of digital marketing campaign tools Acquiring new customers What? | How? | Pros| Cons| Search engine marketing| * SEO to optimise www. nearlygrass. co. uk * PPC campaign to drive traffic. | * If the current website can be edited in house, SEO is quick and low cost * Continually improve www. nearlygrass. o. uk by adding new, engaging content * PPC campaigns are fast to set up, amend and can be managed in house to budget. | * If not edited in house, costly and time consuming to change * Some PPC terms are costly * PPC is time consuming, requiring constant research. | Email| * Sending out cold email marketing campaigns * Include details of new content and news. | * Promotes products and drive traffic * Increase engagement and stickiness * Convert into more sample orders/enquiries and sales * Easy to personalise (Chaffey, pg 550, 2009). * Difficult to buy quality list, emails could be classed as spam * Costly to send HTML emails, unless use free service like Mail Chimp. | Online PR| * Publish press releases on relevant websites. | * Grow brand and product awareness alongside USP * Drive traffic to the website by speaking directly to customers, unfiltered by the media (Scott, pg 86, 2010). | * Lots of competitors in current marketplace doing similar things * Time consuming * Costly. | Converting Sales What? | How? | Pros| Cons| Website| * Keep information relevant * Improve sample ordering processes * Clearer calls to actions. * Offer better user experience * Increa se conversions. | * Costly to change website, especially with database and CMS| Copywriting and presentation| * Create easy to understand DIY PDF’s * Create different pages for target audience * Use Google Analytics to determine questions searchers are using to get to the site and answer in weekly blog posts. | * Helpful information is more likely to be shared across the internet on social channels like Twitter (Mashable 2008 [Online]) * Nearlygrass seen as experts in their industry. * Need support from individuals inside organisation * Uploading information is costly if the website can’t be edited in house. * Requires time and know-how. | Customer support| * Live chat facility during office hours to answer questions. | * Relatively cheap to set up * Trace and track users * Prompt conversations * Encourages engagement and enhance user’s experience. | * Requires resources to run and control * Only useful during working hours and needs those with expert knowledge to control and manage. | Retaining Customers What? | How? | Pros| Cons|Customer service| * Feedback questionnaires * SMS to alert when delivery is on way * Order confirmation emails. | * Receive valuable customer feedback * Providing better services through mobile marketing. | * Difficulty getting emails and mobile numbers * Need resources to send and process responses. | Email| * Sending post sale emails with information about installation, maintenance and add-on products. * Email customers whose surfaces are near replacement. | * Increase user experience by offering helpful advice * Up-sell products * Recommend an installer in their area * Get repeat custom. * Could be duplicating information * Need to collect emails during sales process * Need resources to manage. | Referrals| * ‘Recommend to a friend’ * Tweet/upload images to Facebook to be entered into prize draw. | * Previous customers promote Nearlygrass range * Increase social reach * Engage with new customers t hrough previous customers| * Relies heavily on customers and getting them to upload/submit images * Difficult to get convince management into investing in social media (Scott, pg 267, 2010). | Search Engine Marketing for AcquisitionSearch engine marketing is the most important tool for acquiring new customers as it is the most cost effective method for driving traffic to a website. Improvements are needed for www. nearlygrass. co. uk to be found by prospective customers through search engine marketing. If a website isn’t listed in the first few search results, that business is out of the customer’s consideration set and has no chance to make that sale to that customer. Your customers must first find you to learn about your products (Moran & Hunt, pg 20, 2008). Looking at the top ten keywords www. earlygrass. co. uk appears with a ranking 100| grass artificial| 1| 60500| >100| what is artificial grass| 1| 60500| >100| grass artificial grass| 1| 60500| >100| artificial l awns| 1| 49500| >100| synthetic lawns| 1| 49500| >100| astro turf| 0. 8| 49500| >100| grass synthetic grass| 1| 49500| >100| grass synthetic| 1| 49500| >100| synthetic grass| 1| 49500| >100| 2:4 PPC advert example Artificial Grass www. nearlygrass. co. uk/samples UK made. No Watering, No Mowing, No Hassle Get your Free Samples. 2:5 Ranking from Open Site Explorer As you can see the current website gets a low rating in terms of domain and page authority Also the site only has 3 linking root domains. This can be tracked during the project to see what affect the acquisition tools are having on the trust of the site. 2:6 Top competitor sites * www. asgoodasgrass. co. uk * www. evergreenuk. om * www. lazylawn. co. uk * www. easigrass. com 3:1 Statistics 3:2 Households with Internet Access, 1998 to 2012 Households with Internet Access, 1998 to 2012| | Â  | Year| Per cent| 1998| 9| 1999| 13| 2000| 25| 2001| 36| 2002| 42| 2003| 46| 2004| 49| 2005| 55| 2006| 57| 2007| 61| 2008| 65| 2009| 70 | 2010| 73| 2011| 77| 2012| 80| 3:3 Adults who used a computer in the last three months, by frequency of use and age group, 2006 and 2012 Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | | | Daily| | Weekly| | Monthly| | Between 1 – 3 months| Â  | 2006| 2012| Â  | 2006| 2012| Â  | 2006| 2012| Â  | 2006| 2012| 16-24| 63| 82| | 15| 12| | 7| 2| | 3| -| 5-44| 62| 83| | 16| 10| | 4| 2| | 2| 1| 45-54| 56| 71| | 13| 14| | 5| 2| | 3| 1| 55-64| 36| 63| | 17| 13| | 5| 2| | 3| 2| 65 +| 9| 29| | 8| 11| | 3| 4| | 3| 3| All| 45| 67| Â  | 14| 12| Â  | 5| 2| Â  | 3| 1| Base: Adults (aged 16+) in Great Britain| | | | | | | | | – Data too small to display| | | | | | | | | | Bibliography Chaffey, Dave 2012 Digital marketing definition http://www. davechaffey. com/Internet-Marketing/C1-Introduction/E-marketing-Internet-markeitng-%20definition [Online] Accessed 19th September 2012Chaffey, Ellis-Chadwick, Mayer, Johnston (2009) Internet Marketing – Strategy, I mplementation and Practice Pearson Education Limited: Essex Economist 2012 How much does the internet contribute to the economies of G20 countries? http://www. economist. com/blogs/graphicdetail/2012/04/daily-chart-2 [Online] Assessed 18th September 2012 Evans, Sarah 2008 HOW TO: Build Community on Twitter http://mashable. com/2008/11/10/twitter-community/ [Online] Accessed 23rd November 2012 Moran and Hunt (2008) Search Engine Marketing, Inc. IBM Press: USA Office for National Statistics 2012 Internet Access – Households and Individuals http://www. ns. gov. uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables. html? edition=tcm%3A77-270031 [Online] Assessed 18th September 2012 Peck, Dave (2011) Think Before You Engage: 100 Questions to Ask Before Starting a Social Media Marketing Campaign Wiley: USA Schachinger, Kristine 2012 How to Write Title Tags For Search Engine Optimization http://searchenginewatch. com/article/2154469/How-to-Write-Title-Tags-For-Search-Engine-Optimization [Online] Accessed 23rd November 2012 Scott, David Meerman (2010) The New Rules of Marketing & PR John Wiley & Sons: New Jersey StatementI confirm that in forwarding this assessment for marketing, I understand and have applied the CIM policies relating to word count, plagiarism and collusion for all tasks. This assignment/project is the result of my own independent work/investigation except where otherwise stated. Other sources are acknowledged in the body of the text and/or a bibliography is appended. The work that I have submitted has not previously been accepted in substance for any other award and is not concurrently submitted in candidature for any other award. Total word count: 1,315/1,200

Ashoka and the spread of buddhism

The reign of King Ashoka is one of the principal contributing factors in the spread of Buddhism from India to the rest of Asia and subsequent world.Although Buddhism was characteristically a missionary religion from its inception[1], it was the through the royal patronage and efforts of King Ashoka the Buddhism really crossed Indian frontiers.It is generally agreed that Ashoka converted to Buddhism in the fourth year after his coronation in 268 BC[2]. It was preceded by a period of violent wars and years of bloodshed that finally transformed Ashoka and illuminated him towards the ideals of peace and co-existence of Buddhism.Ashoka, at the time of his transformation, was ruling the largest Indian empire that was matched only by British Rule almost 2000 years later on[3]. The absolute control over this vast dominion by a Buddhist King was instrumental in the rapid growth of the religion.Ashoka took many steps in encouraging the spread of Buddhism, through direct patronage to sending mi ssions and ambassadors to other countries. He sent missions to courts and rulers of Near East and Macedonia and to countries of South East Asia[4] .Each mission was headed by an elder who went with five monks to preach the tenets and philosophy of Buddhism[5]. The commitment of the Emperor was evident by the fact that he ordered his own son Mahindra and daughter Sanghmitra to head separate Buddhist Missions in South-East Asia, especially modern day Sri Lanka.The prestige and command that Ashoka commanded played   a large part in successful acceptance of his missions and conversion of people to Buddhism[6].[1] Damien Keown, Buddhism: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. 1996. 70 [2] Ananda W.P.Guruge: Emperor Asoka and Buddhism. http://www.buddhanet.net/pdf_file/king_asoka.pdf. accessed 11.1.2006. [3] Damien Keown, Buddhism: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. 1996. 70[4] Damien Keown, Buddhism: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. 1996 . 70[5] Richard Gombrich: Asoka: The great Upasaka. http://www.buddhanet.net/pdf_file/king_asoka.pdf. accessed   11.1.2006 [6] John C. Powers. Buddhism, An Introduction. http://www.anu.edu.au/asianstudies/buddhism/spread.html accessed. 11.1.2006.

How to Write a WINNING Resume - FREE on Amazon October 18-22!

How to Write a WINNING Resume - FREE on Amazon October 18-22! Im happy to announce that for FIVE days beginning October 18, 2013, my new e-book, How to Write a WINNING Resume 50 Tips to Reach Your Job Search Target, will be available for FREE on Amazon Kindle! This e-book takes you through the entire resume writing process, from concept and preparation through formatting and special issues you might face. Heres a sample of one of the 50 tips included in the book. Download the book for FREE on Amazon, October 18th through 22nd, to get the remaining 49! Consider Including a Chart, Graph or Testimonial If you are in sales or you are an executive, you might choose to create a chart or graph as a pictorial representation of your accomplishments. If you’re a receptionist or a nursery school teacher, a graph would be overkill. Here are some samples of a graph or chart included in a resume: Only use a graph if appropriate for the position to which you’re applying. In Career Directors International’s survey Global Hiring Trends 2012, 33% of respondents reported that they still have not received a resume with a chart or a graph. 24% of those who had seen charts and graphs found them helpful or very helpful, while 22% found them distracting. These results are rather inconclusive but indicate that if you work in a conservative industry (such as insurance or finance) it might be best to stick to the tried and true bullet format; in more innovative industries, or for marketing and sales positions, charts and graphs are a great fresh approach. For someone climbing the ladder within the same company, charts and graphs might also be very effective. When in doubt, keep it simple! Testimonials You might not particularly like tooting your own horn, and frankly, some things are much more credible when said by people other than yourself. If you have received recommendations on LinkedIn ®, positive feedback in evaluations, or testimonials in any form, consider putting them on your resume! Here’s what a testimonial might look like:    The use of testimonials is becoming more and more common on resumes. In Global Hiring Trends 2012, 29% of those surveyed said a testimonial would influence their decision positively. So take advantage of this trend and let your potential employer know what past employers (or professors if you are a new graduate) have to say about you! You may place the testimonial in the top third of the resume, near the relevant position, or anywhere that makes sense and is visually appealing. ********** Was this article helpful? You can find more tips like this (49 more to be exact!) in my new do-it-yourself resume writing e-book titled How to Write a WINNING Resume 50 Tips to Reach Your Job Search Target. And specifically for executives, Ive authored a second version just for you called How to Write a STELLAR Executive Resume 50 Tips to Reach Your Job Search Target. ** From October 18th through 22nd, get your copy of How to Write a WINNING Resume absolutely FREE on Amazon! Or purchase How to Write a STELLAR Executive Resume for just $9.97.**   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Remember: When you send me a link to your Amazon review, your name will be entered into a bi-annual drawing for a $50 Amazon gift card! You will also be entered into my monthly drawing to win Mary Elizabeth Bradfords Job Search Success System (winner of a 2011 CDI Career Innovator Award and a $97 value check it out here). Click the images above to check out the reviews, purchase, or write a review of your own for a chance to win! Category:Archived ArticlesBy Brenda BernsteinOctober 15, 2013 2 Comments Scott says: October 15, 2013 at 7:16 am Which book would you recommend if you were in a creative field like professional writing or graphic design and why. Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: October 15, 2013 at 8:50 am I would recommend How to Write a WINNING Resume and I would also recommend using your design skills if you are in graphic design! Log in to Reply

Difference Between Moving Out and Staying At Home †Communications Essay

Difference Between Moving Out and Staying At Home – Communications Essay Free Online Research Papers Difference Between Moving Out and Staying At Home Communications Essay Most teenagers would swear on their own grave that they would move out of their parent’s home at the first chance they get. The young adult does not yet realize the differences in moving out on their own and living at home. There will be many harsh realities they must face. Mom is not there to do house work any more, the bills are infinite, and the kitchen is no longer magically filled with food. That may not sound too real to a person who has not moved away from home; however, they are yet to move away from home. The work required to keep a home clean tends to go unnoticed when the mother does it. Clean floors, tidy rooms, and fresh laundry tend to be taken for granite. Even though the average teenager may help around the house one of the parents tend to do most of the housework. The floor is always clean, the rooms are always tidy, and laundry is never less than fresh and neatly folded. When a teenager grows up and moves out this all changes. The laundry will pile high and become a daunting task for them to achieve. The back door step will be dirty, and the rooms will become cluttered. Not only are these chores time consuming, they can also be costly. That huge pile of laundry takes money to wash. Thoughtlessly, roommates trash the room that was just clean. The dishes pile high despite all efforts and the trashcan seems to suddenly fill when unattended. The task of keeping a clean home at this point becomes devastating. Alas, trash and clutter become the last of the worries as the bills begin to roll in. Living at home with parents makes bills appear as some fictional scary story. The most a teenager usually pays for is a car to drive, and a few other luxuries. The parents pay for the water left dripping, the gas burnt by the stove, and the power consumed by the light left on. Teenagers living at home will never even notice any of these expenses. Once the young adult moves out bills rear their ugly heads and become a reality. A light left on soon becomes blow to ones wallet. This is when the biggest changes begin to occur. The lights will be off in unoccupied rooms, the TV will never be left on, and the furnace will get turned down. Power may have been a necessity at home; now it has become a nascence. Now that the youngster is sitting bored and cold in the dark, the last reality comes into play. In the average home, under the wing of the mother a child will never know starvation. Food is plentiful and free in the kitchens of most parent’s homes. The mother or father goes to the store about the same time every week or two. This is the number one reality taken for granite when the teenager lives with their parents. There is always milk to poor into that bowl of the son or daughters favorite cereal. When the son arrives home his favorite microwavable delicacy is always waiting in the freezer. His parents still give him money to eat lunch at school. His proud mother will have a delicious family dinner prepared every Sunday evening. As long as he lives under that roof he will never have to cash in his aluminum cans to buy a cheeseburger at McDonalds. To that young persons dismay, they will some day move out on their own. They will open the refrigerator door in their new home. All that they will find is the half a beer their roommate left there the night before. There will be no milk to poor over that bowl of generic brand Cheerios. Payday will finally come and they will go to the store. They will come home from Aldis grocery store. They will open their box of pre patied hamburgers and cook one to eat. As they take the first bite of that cheese-less, burnt, hamburger they realize they miss their mothers cooking. Now this young, proud adult sits cold and bored in their new home, and waits for his laundry to finish the spin cycle. He thinks to himself why did I move out, then, he thinks, â€Å"I am going to move back home!† All too late he realizes I cannot leave my roommates out in the cold. He faces the reality that moving out is over rated. Research Papers on Difference Between Moving Out and Staying At Home - Communications EssayLifes What IfsPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationThe Spring and AutumnStandardized TestingHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoHip-Hop is Art

Brahmanism For Beginners

Brahmanism For Beginners Brahmanism,  also known as Proto-Hinduism, was an early religion in the Indian sub-continent that was based on Vedic writing. It is considered an early form of Hinduism. Vedic writing refers to the Vedas, the hymns of the Aryans, who if they actually did so, invaded in the second millennium B.C. Otherwise, they were the resident nobles. In Brahmanism, the Brahmins, who included priests, performed the sacred offices required in the Vedas.   The Highest Caste This complex sacrificial religion emerged in 900 B.C.  The strong Brahman power and priests who have lived and shared with the Brahman people  included an Indian society caste where only members of the highest caste were able to become priests. While there are other castes, such as the Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and the Shudras, the Brahmins include priests who teach and maintain sacred knowledge of the religion. One large ritual that occurs with local Brahman males, that are part of this social caste, includes chants, prayers, and hymns. This ritual occurs in Kerala in South India where the language is unknown, with words and sentences being misunderstood by even the Brahmans themselves. Despite this, the ritual has been a part of the male culture in generations for more than 10,000 years. Beliefs and Hinduism The belief in one true God, Brahman, is at the core of the Hinduism religion. The supreme spirit is celebrated through the symbolism of the Om.  The central practice of Brahmanism is sacrifice while Moksha, the liberation, bliss and unification with the Godhead, is the main mission. While the terminology varies by the religious philosopher,  Brahmanism is considered to be the predecessor  of Hinduism.  It is regarded as the same thing due to the Hindus getting their name from the Indus River where the Aryans performed the Vedas. Metaphysical Spirituality Metaphysics is a central concept to the Brahmanism belief system. The idea is that That which existed before the creation of the universe, which constitutes all of the existence thereafter, and into which the universe will dissolve into, followed by similar endless creation-maintenance-destruction cycles according to Sir  Monier Monier-Williams  in  BrÄ hmanism and HindÃ… «ism.  This type of spirituality seeks to understand that which is above or transcends the physical environment we live in. It explores life on earth and in spirit and acquires knowledge  about human character, how the mind works and interaction with people.   Reincarnation The Brahmans believe in reincarnation and Karma, according to early texts from the Vedas. In Brahminism and Hinduism, a soul reincarnates on earth repeatedly and eventually transforms into a perfect soul, reuniting with the Source. Reincarnation can happen through several bodies, forms, births, and deaths before becoming perfect. Sources From Brahmanism to Hinduism: Negotiating the Myth of the Great Tradition, by Vijay Nath. Social Scientist, Vol. 29, No. 3/4 (Mar. - Apr. 2001), pp. 19-50.

Free Essays on Cellphones

Riiiing!!†¦Hello! They are everywhere and their various ring tones can be heard ringing out from the bleachers of a little league game to the pin drop silence of a board meeting. What are these seemingly mobile music boxes you ask? Cellular telephones! Once only for the social elite the cell telephone has now become a common commodity. This little essentiality mobile personal communication device has transformed the face of society. No longer confined to the length of a cord, telephones are now able to go just about everywhere. With ever improving technological advancements in microchip hardware the big bulky telephones of old are being traded in for sleek compact telephones what can fit in the palm of a child’s hand. The pressure to have the newest, smallest, and sleekest cell phone is on. How cellular telephones work is really very simple, they use low-energy FM radio waves to transmit voice to the nearest antenna site connected with the local telephone network. The call goes through either a regular telephone line, or by radio signal to another cell telephone, depending on the service. Wireless technology uses individual radio frequencies over and over by dividing service areas into different geographic zones. These zones are called "cells." Cells can be as small as Madison Square Garden or as large as New York City. Typically, there are more cells in cities than in rural areas simply because there are more people trying to make calls in urban areas. Sounds complex doesn’t it? Cell phones while convenient and easy can sometimes get you into trouble. I recall driving home from school one day and I was chatting on the phone with my boyfriend, lost in conversation I noticed upon the sound of another drivers horn, that I was in the middle of an intersection and the light for me to go went from green to red. I couldn’t believe how distracted I’d become. Another instance was when I drove about five miles past... Free Essays on Cellphones Free Essays on Cellphones Riiiing!!†¦Hello! They are everywhere and their various ring tones can be heard ringing out from the bleachers of a little league game to the pin drop silence of a board meeting. What are these seemingly mobile music boxes you ask? Cellular telephones! Once only for the social elite the cell telephone has now become a common commodity. This little essentiality mobile personal communication device has transformed the face of society. No longer confined to the length of a cord, telephones are now able to go just about everywhere. With ever improving technological advancements in microchip hardware the big bulky telephones of old are being traded in for sleek compact telephones what can fit in the palm of a child’s hand. The pressure to have the newest, smallest, and sleekest cell phone is on. How cellular telephones work is really very simple, they use low-energy FM radio waves to transmit voice to the nearest antenna site connected with the local telephone network. The call goes through either a regular telephone line, or by radio signal to another cell telephone, depending on the service. Wireless technology uses individual radio frequencies over and over by dividing service areas into different geographic zones. These zones are called "cells." Cells can be as small as Madison Square Garden or as large as New York City. Typically, there are more cells in cities than in rural areas simply because there are more people trying to make calls in urban areas. Sounds complex doesn’t it? Cell phones while convenient and easy can sometimes get you into trouble. I recall driving home from school one day and I was chatting on the phone with my boyfriend, lost in conversation I noticed upon the sound of another drivers horn, that I was in the middle of an intersection and the light for me to go went from green to red. I couldn’t believe how distracted I’d become. Another instance was when I drove about five miles past...

Creating Windows Service Applications Using Delphi

Creating Windows Service Applications Using Delphi Service applications take requests from client applications, process those requests, and return information to the client applications. They typically run in the background without much user input. Windows services, known also as NT services, offer long-running executable applications that run in their own Windows sessions. These services can be automatically started when the computer boots, can be paused and restarted, and do not show any user interface.   Service Applications Using Delphi Use Delphi to create service applications: Create a service, install and uninstall the service application, make the service do something, and debug the service application using the TService.LogMessage method. Develop a Windows service using Delphi and register it with Windows.Start and stop a Windows service using Delphi to call Win32 functions, for those cases when you must restart one or more services to avoid conflicts at the operating-system level.Retrieve all currently installed services to help both the end user and Delphi programs respond appropriately to the presence, absence or status of specific Windows services. Generate advanced status reporting for running Windows services. The  OpenSCManager()  and OpenService()  functions highlight Delphis flexibility with the Windows platform. More About Windows Services and Delphi Although Delphi is optimized more for typical user-fronted applications, the programming language remains capable of creating service applications. Newer versions of Windows (especially Windows 10) have tightened the rules that service applications have to play by, relative to Windows XP and Windows Vista. If you develop service applications using Delphi, review Microsofts current technical documentation to orient yourself to best practices for Windows 10 and Windows Server.

How to Calculate Percent Error

How to Calculate Percent Error Percent error or percentage error expresses as a percentage the difference between an approximate or measured value and an exact or known value. It is used in science to report the difference between a measured or experimental value and a true or exact value. Here is how to calculate percent error, with an example calculation. Key Points: Percent Error The purpose of a percent error calculation is to gauge how close a measured value is to a true value.Percent error (percentage error) is the difference between an experimental and theoretical value, divided by the theoretical value, multiplied by 100 to give a percent.In some fields, percent error is always expressed as a positive number. In others, it is correct to have either a positive or negative value. The sign may be kept to determine whether recorded values consistently fall above or below expected values.Percent error is one type of error calculation. Absolute and relative error are two other common calculations. Percent error is part of a comprehensive error analysis.The keys to reporting percent error correctly are to know whether or not to drop the sign (positive or negative) on the calculation and to report the value using the correct number of significant figures. Percent Error Formula Percent error is the difference between a measured and known value, divided by the known value, multiplied by 100%. For many applications, percent error is expressed as a positive value. The absolute value of the error is divided by an accepted value and given as a percent. |accepted value - experimental value| \ accepted value x 100% For chemistry and other sciences, it is customary to keep a negative value. Whether error is positive or negative is important. For example, you would not expect to have positive percent error comparing actual to theoretical yield in a chemical reaction. If a positive value was calculated, this would give clues as to potential problems with the procedure or unaccounted reactions. When keeping the sign for error, the calculation is the experimental or measured value minus the known or theoretical value, divided by the theoretical value and multiplied by 100%. percent error [experimental value - theoretical value] / theoretical value x 100% Percent Error Calculation Steps Subtract one value from another. The order does not matter if you are dropping the sign, but you subtract the theoretical value from the experimental value if you are keeping negative signs. This value is your error.Divide the error by the exact or ideal value (not your experimental or measured value). This will yield a decimal number.Convert the decimal number into a percentage by multiplying it by 100.Add a percent or % symbol to report your percent error value. Percent Error Example Calculation In a lab, you are given a block of aluminum. You measure the dimensions of the block and its displacement in a container of a known volume of water. You calculate the density of the block of aluminum to be 2.68 g/cm3. You look up the density of a block of aluminum at room temperature and find it to be 2.70 g/cm3. Calculate the percent error of your measurement. Subtract one value from the other:2.68 - 2.70 -0.02Depending on what you need, you may discard any negative sign (take the absolute value): 0.02This is the error.Divide the error by the true value:0.02/2.70 0.0074074Multiply  this value by 100% to obtain the percent error:0.0074074 x 100% 0.74% (expressed using 2 significant figures).Significant figures are important in science. If you report an answer using too many or too few, it may be considered incorrect, even if you set up the problem properly. Percent Error Versus Absolute and Relative Error Percent error is related to absolute error and relative error. The difference between an experimental and known value is the absolute error. When you divide that number by the known value you get relative error. Percent error is relative error multiplied by 100%. Sources Bennett, Jeffrey; Briggs, William (2005),  Using and Understanding Mathematics: A Quantitative Reasoning Approach  (3rd ed.), Boston: Pearson.Tà ¶rnqvist, Leo; Vartia, Pentti; Vartia, Yrjà ¶ (1985), How Should Relative Changes Be Measured?,  The American Statistician,  39  (1): 43–46.

The 2011 earthquake in Japan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The 2011 earthquake in Japan - Essay Example The 2011 Earthquake in Japan. Cause of the Earthquake. In March11, 2011, a destructive earthquake measuring 9.0 on the Richter scale struck Japan. The epicenter of the quake was near the East coast of Honshu, which was at a depth of 24.4 kilometers. According to Aislinn (2011), the movement along the two main plate boundaries caused the earthquake. Honshu Island is situated at the junction of three continental plates, the Pacific, Philippine, and Eurasian Sea plates. Earthquakes are generated by the tectonic plates that build up the surface of earth through bending, snagging, or breaking of these plates as they move past one another. Alexandra notes that thrust faulting caused the March 2011 earthquake; in thrust faulting, rocks positioned in the lower layer of the earth’s crust get pushed above the overlying layers. These faults occurred on or near the interface plate boundary between the North America and Pacific plates (Alexandra, 2011). This occurred near or along the boun dary where the Pacific Plate moves under Japan. The rate of convergence in the Pacific Plate’s border near Japan is much higher than in other zones. The Pacific plate thrusts beneath Japan at the Japan Trench, and plunges to the west underneath Eurasia; these plates are rocky and they creep past each other at a slow rate. The Pacific plate moves at a velocity of 3.2 inches per year westwards towards the North America plate. As the two plates shift past one another, they release seismic pressure and energy which cause earthquakes (Aislinn, 2011). Japan is situated in a place known as the Ring of Fire; this place experiences most active volcanoes. The Pacific Basin, which holds Japan, has oceanic trenches and experiences volcanoes around it. These volcanoes and oceanic trenches contribute to occurrence of earthquakes in Japan. Damages of the Earthquake. Alexandra (2011) notes that earthquakes that occur under the sea floor unleash tsunamis; these tsunamis are more devastating t han the earthquake itself. Violent movement of the earth’s crust displaces enormous quantities of water; these waves are known as tsunamis. Massive fires, generated by the earthquake, were blazing out of control leading to death, injuries, and the destruction of property. The quake left hundreds of people injured, dead or missing; it killed over 9,000 people. Tsunami wave destroyed power lines and swept homes, cars, ships, boats, trains, and massive islands of debris out to the ocean. Over four million buildings in Tokyo and its suburbs had no power after the quake. Reports indicated cases of landslides and collapse of buildings in several locations along the 2,100 kilometer stretch of coastline. Muddy water waves flowed over farmland near Sendai carrying buildings. Burst of gas pipes led to burning of houses and destruction of properties. Runways of the Sendai airport became inundated with trucks, buses, cars, and thick mud. Debris blocked the roads, and the communications s ystems, including the destruction of telephone lines. There was the suspension of train services in Tokyo and northeastern Japan, which serves around ten million people a day. The quake destroyed nuclear facilities located north of Tokyo. The government of Japan estimated the damage of the quake at $309 billion which was much higher compared to damage caused by the Hurricane Katrina in America. Effects of the Earthquak

TRANSPORTATION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

TRANSPORTATION - Essay Example While in the harbour act, a number of proposals can be adhered to so as to come up with the new terminal for example, the HRO (Harbour Revision Order, as used in the ABP proposal kin the development of a new terminal at Dibden Bay). The HBO is divided into four parts each with a specific responsibility to cover. The parts are as follows; Part I, which covers the development,processes i.e. the terminal construction. Either part II, which provides for landscaping works in the areas covered in the Order Plans and proposals, which may be creation, or diversion and stopping of the rights of way as stipulated for the public. Part III, which allows the ABP to acquire any land required for the creation of the new terminal. Part IV, which covers all the other matters (miscellaneous) that relate to the public as in replacement of open spaces meant for public. If the HBO is to be considered, the National policy must be applied whereby the policies must reflect a better quality of life, new deal for transport and sustainabledistribution. Included in the National policy is the Modern Ports Policy which is the relevant part in reference to the creation of a new terminal. The modern ports policy is a core part in the National policy. The modern ports policy brings out the fact that UK depends on international trade. It states that a port is to serve the interest of the nation, support the competition, and handle demands of the UK trade. Currently the port of Southampton is not able to meet the demands of all the customers, so the building of a new terminal will have the situation improve and not deteriorate. The policies should be covered in descending order, from international policies, regional policies and local policies. Presently the project will be at an advantage because of geographical advantages that Southamptonhas shipping advantages. After the external policies have been covered, the internal policies should follow after. Internal

Paraphrase essays Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Paraphrase essays - Essay Example ng desire of Cyrus for greatness makes him able to withstand all the temptations and assume a disciplined life, which earns him respect among all people, as well as his army. Nevertheless, Cyrus has had people who are always envious about is character and role as a wise and charismatic leader, but these individuals have fallen from their desired paths. For example, Cyaxares is highly obsessed in achieving the same status of leadership as that of Cyrus in leading his army. However, he failed to achieve this because his envy for Cyrus did not let him focus on activities, which would grant him an opportunity to achieve his goals. Another individual who has fallen because of the envy for Cyrus is the Araspas who has a strong obsession for Panthea. In the entire readings, it is clear that Cyrus was an inspirational leader who gained political success because of his inherent characteristic of observing discipline (Xenophon and Ambler, 2001). The readings also provide emphasis on the Persians status during the Xenophon time. Xenophon illustrated the positive characteristics from the Persians discipline during the Cyrus life. He also indicated that the lack of such characteristics would result in harming the society in different perspectives and aspects of life. Further, Xenophon has illustrated the need for Persians desire to achieve excellence in different endeavors of their life. This trait is seen in different fields, especially in the choice of health, clothing, training for discipline and assuming the best conduct in society. Such has enabled Persians to become an organized society while the presence of Cyrus as the model leader makes them to remain in that status at all times. Nevertheless, the Persians lost the way after the death of Cyrus. Their impressive and erstwhile organization has dissolved while the disarray has made it complex to ensure that an effective successor rises to replace the works of Cyrus. For example, transactions had all forms of dishonesty

Concept Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Concept Analysis - Essay Example Health information can engulf even populace with superior literacy expertise. Approximately one third of the grown-up populace in the United States has restricted health literacy. The importance of Health Literacy is seen in recent days witnessing spreading diseases due to unawareness. The foundation for the selected topic is the prevailing global scenario. Many health problems have recently captured numerous lives and health with their dreadful hands across the world in many forms. Diseases like anthrax, swine flu etc have created great hue and cry universally, and studies have proved the reasons for it as inappropriate health literacy. This can influence the capability to block out multifaceted outline which takes away the ability to point out reasons and suppliers. The different services available can be identified only through health literacy. Health literacy will help contribute to health experience and private incidents leading to betterment in health sector. Personal health needs to handle persistent ailments. The consumption of medicines to cure various diseases can be done properly only through the edification on health information. Inhabitants with sufficient health literacy have improved health condition compared to folks with restricted health literacy proficiency. Populace with imperfect Health Literacy has a reduced amount of information regarding the significance of precautionary health procedures; always fail to handle different continual illness by self supervision. They may be unsuccessful in taking proper medication from appropriate facilities and at times even fail to follow remedial instructions given. Partial health literacy has been revealed to be connected with reduced health in a variety of surroundings and circumstances, and is predominantly common among the aged groups, people with least educational backgrounds, populace belonging to reduced socioeconomic conditions, and groups under the disturbance of various persistent

Skills Applicatio Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Skills Applicatio Questions - Essay Example In this scenario, the common goal was to design an effective power-point presentation that contains pertinent details on conflict negotiation techniques. Since each team is comprised of three members each, the team is expected to delegate the team leader and the respective team members together with tasks to be assigned and achieved. One was therefore elected the group leader and part of one’s responsibilities was to solicit information regarding tasks that each member needs to fulfill. One member was assigned to make the necessary research on all pertinent details that need to be incorporated in the presentation. The other member was supposed to integrate all information in a power point presentation. And finally, a group leader, one was tasked to report during the scheduled presentation date. Aside from assigning tasks, one made it clear that in a defined time frame, say in three days, the information should be ready so that the other member could finalize the power point pr esentation in two days’ time. Enough leeway was provided for me, as the leader and reporter, to review the materials and present effectively. The presentation was therefore a success due to clear objectives, roles, responsibilities and conformity to defined time frame. 2. Significant Achievement. Outside of your academic accomplishments, what would you consider to be one of your most significant achievements to date and why? Outside one’s academic accomplishments, one of the most significant achievements to date was being successful in current and previous work endeavors. Having had employment opportunities that ranged from being an Arabic teacher, to assuming the position of an assistant marketing manager for an organization in the UK, and finally working as a cashier, provided various chances for personal and professional growth. A variety of skills were likewise developed through the course of employment, such as interpersonal, cognitive and analytical, coaching and mentoring, leadership and administrative, communication and customer service relations skills. One acknowledges that working in the UK as an assistant manager was most challenging; yet rewarding, in terms of enhancing knowledge, abilities and skills in the application of marketing strategies that would ensure customer satisfaction and the achievement of organizational goals. The position was challenging as one was expected to apply the needed strategies that would respond to customers’ inquiries and complaints. In retrospect, one likewise realized that working as an Arabic teacher was also a challenging role since the students were in their primary level and were therefore considered in their most crucial developmental stage. Being able to successfully motivate young students to learn by assisting in the creation of a conducive learning environment was most rewarding. Part 2 1. Tell us about a difficult situation that you have encountered and how you resolved it. A difficult situation that one remembers clearly was trying to address a customer complaint. In business, there is the philosophy that organizations strive to satisfy customer’s needs. In this particular instance, the customer was definitely not satisfied with the organization’s product that was purchased and was asking for a refund. Through the skills gained on customer service, one was able to address the

Reading Comprehension Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reading Comprehension - Essay Example Graphic organizers are a powerful tool to the students as it provides students with tools that they can use to show and examine the relationship between concepts in a text. The essay will delve in the teaching comprehension strategies and how the graphic organizers are used to enhance the learning of students. It will also focus on the benefits of using graphic organizers in teaching comprehension strategies. Teaching strategies are the tools that teachers use to enable students learn and understand whatever they are reading. To help students understand comprehension easily, graphic organizers are always used. Graphic organizers like semantic maps are used in self monitoring strategy. Semantic maps are devices that help students to derive explicit and implicit meanings from concepts, ideas and details that are in a text (Sewak & Lubin, 2007). This strategy is helpful to students as it increases their understanding and helps them to acquire, organize and maintain information. This str ategy can be used by providing students with semantic maps, which depict concepts from a passage and the key words (Adler, 2005). Students should read the passage and then find out the key words which they should link to those key words that are on the map. When semantic maps are used in teaching of comprehension, they make students put much focus on the concepts and main vocabularies which will enhance comprehension reading. For example, when a teacher is teaching on the concept of â€Å"whales†, the teacher can trigger the prior knowledge that the students have, by showing them a video and then allow them to point out the key words which relate to that topic. The metacognitive strategy can be enhanced by use of the concept diagrams. Concept diagram helps in comprehension skills and they show the relationship between concepts in a passage. Concept diagrams are graphics which describe the concepts in a passage, and their relationship from top to bottom (Boudah & Hagan-Burke, 2000). They also show how these concepts at the top support those at the bottom and they have lines that show the connections between concepts. The concept diagram makes students focus on concepts that enhance comprehension. When teaching comprehension and teachers are using concept diagrams, the teacher is to give an explanation about the different parts of the diagram. The teacher together with his students, they highlight the main concepts in a passage. Then the teacher provides a blank concept diagram and allows students to make their own connections (Sewak & Lubin, 2007). Hence this makes the students to be actively involved as they engage themselves in writing concepts of the diagram. Other graphic organizers that are useful when teaching comprehension are the story maps. The story maps are used by teachers to help the students to know the story structure. One way of using the story maps is when the teacher reads a story and stops at some points which are strategic to ask the students some questions. This strategy is necessary in understanding comprehension as it allows students to identify some important elements in the story such as the plot, characters and the setting (Adler, 2005). The story maps help to improve the literal, applied and interpretive comprehension skills of the students. In fact, it is a powerful tool for making students pay attention when

A Research Proposal for Bridging Chinese Traditional Health Methods Essay

A Research Proposal for Bridging Chinese Traditional Health Methods with their Western Counterparts - Essay Example The desire to cure disease and heal wounds has resulted in the development of medical systems and philosophies reflecting various cultures. In China, the traditional approach to aiding the sick is very different from the Western system. Each has embraced different philosophies of care, and yet neither has fully recognized the value of the other system's approaches. In this environment of institutional suspicion, there lies an opportunity to investigate ways of bringing the two disparate schools of thought together. Purpose. The objectives of this research will be to investigate those areas of traditional Chinese medicine that are compatible with Western medical practice. Specifically, the research will focus on bridging the divide that exists between the two schools of thought and seek to find ways of bringing them together in a manner that harnesses the strengths of both. Neither system is perfect in its concepts; perhaps together, a more effective medical approach could be found that would benefit all. Target Population and Sample Size. The target population for this research will be practitioners of both disciplines.

Irish History A Brief Historiography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Irish History A Brief Historiography - Essay Example The first Normans landed in Ireland or at least the descendants of the Normans who had conquered England from 1066 onwards. Little did Diarmuid McMorrough (King of Leinster) know that his action of involving outsiders in sorting out a local political dispute with rival clans would have such a profound effect on the history of Ireland for centuries to come. Up to that point, Ireland was largely an independent entity and mainly Christian in character. Ireland had played its part in illuminating the â€Å"Dark Ages† in the 4th Century when she had brought the Christian faith to all parts of Europe through the exploits of the adventurous monks like St. Colmcille where he and his like founded monasteries not only in England and Scotland but also in the furthest ends of Europe. This era was known as â€Å"Ireland of the saints and scholars†. Prior to the Normans, or more accurately the descendants of the Normans who had settled largely in Wales, the Vikings had plundered and traded with the native Irish and had assimilated into Irish society blending their own unique culture with that of the locals. Many of Ireland’s great cities and towns such as Dublin, Waterford, and Wexford developed and prospered on Viking trade. What was different about the Norman invasion from other intrusions was their sheer military strength, their administration and their ability to apply law and order to the lands they had conquered. Their administration was far in advance of anything in existence in Ireland on their arrival.... Ireland had played its part in illuminating the "Dark Ages" in the 4th Century when she had brought the Christian faith to all parts of Europe through the exploits of the adventurous monks like St. Colmcille (Columba) where he and his like founded monasteries not only in England and Scotland but also in the furthest ends of Europe. This era was known as "Ireland of the saints and scholars". Prior to the Normans, or more accurately the descendants of the Normans who had settled largely in Wales, the Vikings had plundered and traded with the native Irish and had assimilated into Irish society blending their own unique culture with that of the locals. Many of Ireland's great cities and towns such as Dublin, Waterford and Wexford developed and prospered on Viking trade. What was different about the Norman invasion from other intrusions was their sheer military strength, their administration and their ability to apply law and order to the lands they had conquered. Their administration was far in advance of anything in existence in Ireland on their arrival. To the native Irish it must have seemed that their entire world as they knew it was completely turned on its head. How could they fight or compete with such a powerful force To a great extent the early settlers were more like adventurers, advancing their own self interest, - a point not wasted on Henry II who was quick to see the security implications for his own kingdom. It was imperative that he gain some measure of control and this is what he did. Up to Tudor times the Norman conquest of Ireland was limited to certain areas of the country, mostly to strongholds in the province of Leinster and particularly around Dublin. This area was known as "the Pale"1 which was roughly a forty mile radius

Modules Work Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Modules Work - Coursework Example Additionally, I would try to confirm the note with the customer including the balance due, interest rate, date of the note, date due and also the collateral pledged (Kinney, 2011). Basing on aging analysis and subsequent collection (WP 3.B) and discussion with the credit manager, an allowance of $600000 is reasonable and adequate (I examined correspondence and also discussed with the credit manager; explanation of audit legend) The late recording of the vouchers and early recording of the sales seems to be intentional earning inflation devices. This include vouchers 12458 and 12459 and sales invoices 33003, 33004, 33006, 33007, and 33009. Considering Biltrite’s internal controls relating to shipping and receiving, unintentional errors of this type and magnitude are not likely to appear (Kimmel, 2011). Suppose the auditor does suspect misrepresentation, consideration should be given to possible lowering of individual item materiality threshold. More so due to 3 million dollars check ‘kiting’ and misrepresentation of the Lawton related party loan in the previous module IX. 1. Lucas has satisfied some of the objectives of searching for unrecorded liabilities but not all. She has been able to determine whether additional invoices received and not un-vouchered are for charges pertaining to the year being audited. Additionally, she has determined whether the client included these charges in liabilities. This has been done by examining 2010 un-vouchered invoices and tracing 2009 charges contained therein to the client’s 12/2/09 Adjustment for unrecorded invoices. However, Lucas did

RN interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

RN interview - Essay Example Evidently, the humanistic aspects of nursing care can only be achieved via effective interpersonal communication. The shortlisted candidate is a registered male nurse. With respect to interpersonal power, a nurse is an authority who must exude expert power. These are the true feelings of the interviewee. He further explains that a good masterly of nursing knowledge in clinical practice instills confidence in the patient. Moreover, the patient relaxes and is more amenable to therapeutic interventions as s/he is fully trusting of the care received in the hospital. The interviewee also highlighted the need for self disclosure. A nurse needs to appreciate the emotional needs of the patient by establishing a rapport that is based on caring. The nurse needs to exhibit empathy, warmth and congruence in order to foster a trustworthy relationship that will foster self-disclosure (current nursing, 2012). The nurse should not reveal confidential relationship and whenever necessary, there is need to maintain patient anonymity in the discussion of such privileged information. The interviewee also cited the need to maintain assertive communication in the delega tion of duties to juniors and the delivery of instructions to patients. This is essential in the cultivation of a professional relationship with patients and personnel. Aggressive communication will create an uneasy environment that is laden with tension (Kinni & Kinni, n.d.). It is not the kind of environment that will nurture a caring attitude where patients can engage in self disclosure. The interviewee also indicated that all conflict in a hospital setting should be resolved via the cooperative style of managing conflict (Knapp & Daly, 2011). I aspire to be a teacher and in order to establish good teacher/student relationships; I should demonstrate good interpersonal communication skills (Roberts, 2012). A teacher needs to be assertive during the

Computer Security Analyses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Computer Security Analyses - Essay Example As we increasingly depend on sophisticated internet and networks, the threat perceptions will also correspondingly increase, posing a potential danger to the overall security of data and information. As and when, there are reports of computer security breaches and vulnerabilities, system administrators and business managers tend to publish the vulnerabilities that have affected the system. Full disclosures are provided with an idea to fix the problems; most of the disclosures are done to find a viable solution to the problem, as many business managers, tend believe that there will be someone, who can suggest a good solution. But, many experts may not agree with the full disclosure of vulnerabilities to the public, as they feel that, they may increase the "window of exposure" (Bruce Schneier, 2000). This analysis attempts to find out issues that are concerned with full disclosures and their impact on the overall security of an organization. Experts believe that Global Internet threats are undergoing a profound transformation from attacks designed solely to disable infrastructure, to those that also target people and organizations. They also opine that, behind these new attacks, is a large pool of compromised hosts sitting in homes, schools, businesses, and governments around the world. These systems are infected with a bot that communicates with a bot controller and other bots, to form what is commonly referred to as a zombie army or botnet. This analysis report is created to highlight the importance of botnets and zombies, in internet technology and their real-time impact on the security apparatus of an internet network. Every piece of electronic document contains some form of metadata that is embedded within the document, and such data usually contains confidential and potentially embarrassing information, that could be shared with an unintended audience. This paper also attempts to find out how metadata could jeopardize the confidentiality of a document creator, and the ways that could be deployed to prevent transmission of such sensitive user data to the general public. Biometrics is a modern tool for authentication and this

Irish History A Brief Historiography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Irish History A Brief Historiography - Essay Example The first Normans landed in Ireland or at least the descendants of the Normans who had conquered England from 1066 onwards. Little did Diarmuid McMorrough (King of Leinster) know that his action of involving outsiders in sorting out a local political dispute with rival clans would have such a profound effect on the history of Ireland for centuries to come. Up to that point, Ireland was largely an independent entity and mainly Christian in character. Ireland had played its part in illuminating the â€Å"Dark Ages† in the 4th Century when she had brought the Christian faith to all parts of Europe through the exploits of the adventurous monks like St. Colmcille where he and his like founded monasteries not only in England and Scotland but also in the furthest ends of Europe. This era was known as â€Å"Ireland of the saints and scholars†. Prior to the Normans, or more accurately the descendants of the Normans who had settled largely in Wales, the Vikings had plundered and traded with the native Irish and had assimilated into Irish society blending their own unique culture with that of the locals. Many of Ireland’s great cities and towns such as Dublin, Waterford, and Wexford developed and prospered on Viking trade. What was different about the Norman invasion from other intrusions was their sheer military strength, their administration and their ability to apply law and order to the lands they had conquered. Their administration was far in advance of anything in existence in Ireland on their arrival.... Ireland had played its part in illuminating the "Dark Ages" in the 4th Century when she had brought the Christian faith to all parts of Europe through the exploits of the adventurous monks like St. Colmcille (Columba) where he and his like founded monasteries not only in England and Scotland but also in the furthest ends of Europe. This era was known as "Ireland of the saints and scholars". Prior to the Normans, or more accurately the descendants of the Normans who had settled largely in Wales, the Vikings had plundered and traded with the native Irish and had assimilated into Irish society blending their own unique culture with that of the locals. Many of Ireland's great cities and towns such as Dublin, Waterford and Wexford developed and prospered on Viking trade. What was different about the Norman invasion from other intrusions was their sheer military strength, their administration and their ability to apply law and order to the lands they had conquered. Their administration was far in advance of anything in existence in Ireland on their arrival. To the native Irish it must have seemed that their entire world as they knew it was completely turned on its head. How could they fight or compete with such a powerful force To a great extent the early settlers were more like adventurers, advancing their own self interest, - a point not wasted on Henry II who was quick to see the security implications for his own kingdom. It was imperative that he gain some measure of control and this is what he did. Up to Tudor times the Norman conquest of Ireland was limited to certain areas of the country, mostly to strongholds in the province of Leinster and particularly around Dublin. This area was known as "the Pale"1 which was roughly a forty mile radius

Modules Work Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Modules Work - Coursework Example Additionally, I would try to confirm the note with the customer including the balance due, interest rate, date of the note, date due and also the collateral pledged (Kinney, 2011). Basing on aging analysis and subsequent collection (WP 3.B) and discussion with the credit manager, an allowance of $600000 is reasonable and adequate (I examined correspondence and also discussed with the credit manager; explanation of audit legend) The late recording of the vouchers and early recording of the sales seems to be intentional earning inflation devices. This include vouchers 12458 and 12459 and sales invoices 33003, 33004, 33006, 33007, and 33009. Considering Biltrite’s internal controls relating to shipping and receiving, unintentional errors of this type and magnitude are not likely to appear (Kimmel, 2011). Suppose the auditor does suspect misrepresentation, consideration should be given to possible lowering of individual item materiality threshold. More so due to 3 million dollars check ‘kiting’ and misrepresentation of the Lawton related party loan in the previous module IX. 1. Lucas has satisfied some of the objectives of searching for unrecorded liabilities but not all. She has been able to determine whether additional invoices received and not un-vouchered are for charges pertaining to the year being audited. Additionally, she has determined whether the client included these charges in liabilities. This has been done by examining 2010 un-vouchered invoices and tracing 2009 charges contained therein to the client’s 12/2/09 Adjustment for unrecorded invoices. However, Lucas did

Organisation Theory Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Organisation Theory - Assignment Example Nothing could be farther from the truth, because organizations are diverse in the goals they set for themselves, the way they are structured, the activities they undertake and their strategies to pursue their goals (Daft & Marcic, 2013). Organizations include the Catholic Church as well as the Yakuza, the Chicago Bears and the International Paralympic Committee, the Salvation Army and Apple, Inc., Mensa International and the Miss Universe Organization. The wide spectrum of organizations appears to defy any attempt to define what unifies them, let alone shape a coherent and cohesive Organization Theory. The issue to be addressed in this discussion deals on the advantages and disadvantages of a multi-perspective approach to understanding organizations. Adopting a widely diversified approach that seeks to include all organizations may defeat the purpose of creating a definitive framework due to overbreadth, to the point that nearly all organizations may be excluded from some aspect of t he theory. ... d and described according to its tangible aspects (organizational structure, asset size, principal operations, number of employees, place of operations), and intangible aspects (management style, type of leadership, organizational culture, strategic approach). Increasingly, organizations are being viewed in terms of theoretical pluralisms because of the growing awareness of their increasing complexity. Astley & Van de Ven (1983) propose a metatheoretical taxonomy of the major schools of thought in organization and management theories is presented in the table in the Appendix. There are two dimensions according to which the divergent views were classified: the level of organizational analysis (from the micro to the macro), and the orientation of the analysis (from deterministic to voluntaristic). The matrix created is comprised of four quadrants: System-Structural View (Q1), Strategic Choice View (Q2), Natural Selection View (Q3), and Collective-Action View (Q4). The System-Structural View (also known as Structural-Functionalist Perspective) addresses the micro-level (i.e., individual organizations) with a deterministic orientation. Determinism means that organizational behaviour is perceived to be shaped by a system of impersonal mechanisms that impose external constraints on the members of the organization. The structure of the organization creates roles and positions that function as hierarchical instruments in achieving organizational goals and creating stability in the system (Stolley, 2005). Included in this category are the systems theory of organization, the theory of structural functionalism, and contingency theory. The behaviour elicited is constrained and adaptive, and management role is reactive. The Strategic Choice View differs from the System-Structural